The most significant cultures whose presence was found include the Starčevo culture whose finds were discovered near Slavonski Brod and dated to 6100–5200 BC, the Vučedol culture, and the Baden culture. Remnants of several Neolithic and Chalcolithic cultures were found in all regions of Croatia, but most of the sites are found in the river valleys of northern Croatia, including Slavonia. See also: Prehistoric Croatia, Illyria, Illyricum (Roman province), and Pannonia (Roman province) Slavonia is one of Croatia's winemaking areas, with Ilok and Kutjevo recognized as centres of wine production. The cuisine of Slavonia reflects diverse influences-a blend of traditional and foreign elements. In traditional music, Slavonia comprises a distinct region of Croatia, and the traditional culture is preserved through folklore festivals, with prominence given to tamburica music and bećarac, a form of traditional song, recognized as an intangible cultural heritage by UNESCO. Slavonia contributed to the culture of Croatia through art, writers, poets, sculptors, and art patronage. The cultural heritage of Slavonia represents a blend of historical influences, especially those from the end of the 17th century, when Slavonia started recovering from the Ottoman wars, and its traditional culture. The GDP of the five counties represents 13.6% of Croatia's GDP. The gross domestic product (GDP) of the five counties of Slavonia is worth 6,454 million euro or 8,005 euro per capita, 27.5% below national average. Agriculture is a significant component of its economy: Slavonia contains 45% of Croatia's agricultural land and accounts for a significant proportion of Croatia's livestock farming and production of permanent crops. The economy of Slavonia is largely based on processing industry, trade, transport, and civil engineering. During the Croatian War of Independence of 1991–1995, Slavonia saw fierce fighting, including the 1991 Battle of Vukovar. In 1918, when Austria-Hungary dissolved, Slavonia became a part of the short-lived State of Slovenes, Croats and Serbs which in turn became a part of the Kingdom of Serbs, Croats, and Slovenes, later renamed Yugoslavia. After the Austro-Hungarian Compromise of 1867, Slavonia became part of the Hungarian part of the realm, and a year later it became part of the Kingdom of Croatia-Slavonia. In 1699, after the Great Turkish War of 1683–1699, the Treaty of Karlowitz transferred Slavonia to the Habsburgs. The Ottoman conquest of Slavonia took place between 15. It became part of the Lands of the Hungarian Crown in the 12th century. It was later incorporated into the Kingdom of Croatia after its decline, the kingdom was ruled through a personal union with Hungary. Slavonia enjoys a moderate continental climate with relatively low precipitation.Īfter the fall of the Western Roman Empire, which ruled the area of modern-day Slavonia until the 5th century, Ostrogoths and Lombards controlled the area before the arrival of Avars and Slavs, when the Principality of Lower Pannonia was established in the 7th century. In the west, the region consists of the Sava and Drava valleys and the mountains surrounding the Požega Valley, and plains in the east. Slavonia is located in the Pannonian Basin, largely bordered by the Danube, Drava, and Sava rivers. The largest city in the region is Osijek, followed by Slavonski Brod and Vinkovci. The counties cover 12,556 square kilometres (4,848 square miles) or 22.2% of Croatia, inhabited by 806,192-18.8% of Croatia's population. Taking up the east of the country, it roughly corresponds with five Croatian counties: Brod-Posavina, Osijek-Baranja, Požega-Slavonia, Virovitica-Podravina, and Vukovar-Syrmia, although the territory of the counties includes Baranya, and the definition of the western extent of Slavonia as a region varies. Slavonia ( / s l ə ˈ v oʊ n i ə/ Croatian: Slavonija) is, with Dalmatia, Croatia proper, Istria and Dubrovnik region one of the five historical regions of Croatia.
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